When Indonesians are asked to recall folk songs from their childhood, one name almost always emerges: “Apuse.” The song, rooted in the traditions of West Papua, is instantly recognizable for its cheerful melody and easy-to-sing verses. It has been sung in elementary school classrooms, cultural performances, and even in national arenas, where the tune inspired the sports anthem Garuda di Dadaku.
But behind the upbeat rhythm lies a story that is not merely about joy. “Apuse” carries a depth of emotion, speaking of separation, longing, and the bittersweet reality of leaving home. Its lyrics, simple at first glance, reveal the heartfelt bonds between generations and the journey of Papuan youth venturing beyond the familiarity of their villages.
This article delves into the origins, lyrics, interpretations, and cultural significance of “Apuse,” weaving together history, folklore, and modern meaning to show why this folk song remains one of Indonesia’s most cherished cultural treasures.
The Origins of “Apuse”: Between Oral Tradition and Written History
Unlike modern music, which is often attributed to a single songwriter, folk songs are born from oral tradition. They are passed from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation, evolving with each retelling. “Apuse” is no exception.
Several accounts trace its birthplace to Kampung Kabouw, Wondiboy, in Teluk Wondama (Wondama Bay), Papua Barat (West Papua). Others argue it originated in Biak Numfor Regency, with lyrics composed in the Biak language, one of the many indigenous tongues of Papua. The very word “Apuse” comes from Biak, meaning “grandmother” or “grandfather.”
Some sources attribute the composition to Tete Mandosir Sarumi, who wrote the song in Biak and saw it popularized by singer Corry Rumbino in a radio contest. Yet other versions of the story list the composer simply as “NN,” shorthand for nomen nescio, or “no name,” underscoring the communal authorship of oral traditions.
This ambiguity reflects something deeper: that “Apuse” is less the creation of a single individual and more the collective memory of a people. Its power lies in its ability to speak universally while remaining distinctly Papuan.
The Lyrics: Simple Verses with Layered Meaning
The lyrics of “Apuse” are deceptively brief:
Original (Biak):
Apuse kokon dao
Yarabe Soren Doreri
Wuf lenso bani nema baki pase
Arafabye aswarakwar
Arafabye aswarakwar
English Translation:
“Grandfather/grandmother, I am leaving.
To the distant land, Doreri Bay.
With a handkerchief in hand, I wave goodbye.
Have pity, oh my grandchild,
Have pity, oh my grandchild.”
At first listen, children often take the song as a cheerful tune of farewell, much like waving goodbye to a relative before embarking on a small trip. But the deeper interpretation suggests something more profound.
The grandchild in the song is leaving the village, possibly for education, work, or even migration. The grandparents—the custodians of tradition and memory—must let go, blessing the departure even as their hearts ache. The act of waving a handkerchief, a traditional gesture of farewell, is both ceremonial and symbolic, capturing the sorrow of parting.
Doreri Bay: A Symbolic Destination
The lyrics specifically mention Doreri Bay (Teluk Doreri), located in Manokwari, Papua. This was not a random choice of destination.
Historically, Doreri Bay served as a gateway between Papua and the wider world. It was a landing site for Christian missionaries in the 19th century and later a hub for maritime activity. For many Papuans, traveling to Doreri meant stepping into a new life—whether for education, trade, or faith.
Thus, in “Apuse,” Doreri symbolizes both opportunity and distance. It is a place that promises growth, yet one that requires leaving behind the comfort of home.
The Duality of Melody and Meaning
What makes “Apuse” so powerful is the contrast between its melody and message.
Musically, it is upbeat, rhythmic, and easy to sing in groups—perfect for children’s lessons and community gatherings. Its major key and repetitive structure create a sense of joy.
Lyrically, however, it is filled with longing and sadness. The repeated plea, “Arafabye aswarakwar” (“have pity, oh my grandchild”), conveys the deep grief of grandparents watching a loved one leave. This duality is not accidental; it mirrors the Papuan worldview, where joy and sorrow are often intertwined.
In many indigenous traditions, music serves not only as entertainment but also as a vessel for emotional resilience. Singing a sad story through a happy melody is a way of coping, of turning pain into shared expression.
A Song of Migration and Change
Beyond its literal narrative, “Apuse” reflects broader themes of migration and transformation.
For centuries, Papuan youth have left their villages to seek education or work in coastal towns and beyond. Each departure was both a personal milestone and a cultural challenge, as younger generations stepped into worlds far removed from the traditions of their elders.
“Apuse” captures this universal human experience: the bittersweet departure from one’s roots in search of a brighter future. It resonates not just with Papuans, but with anyone who has ever said goodbye to family while pursuing new horizons.
The Song in Indonesian Education and National Identity
“Apuse” became nationally known when it was incorporated into the Indonesian school curriculum. Generations of children across the archipelago learned its lyrics, often without fully understanding the Biak language but still absorbing its melody and message.
This educational role turned “Apuse” into a symbol of national unity in diversity. It introduced young Indonesians to the culture of Papua, reinforcing the message that the nation’s richness lies in its many voices.
The song’s reach extended further when its melody inspired Garuda di Dadaku, a popular anthem for the Indonesian national football team. In stadiums, thousands of voices chanting the tune testify to its adaptability and enduring appeal.
A Window into Papuan Values
“Apuse” is not merely a farewell song; it is a reflection of Papuan values and worldview.
- Respect for Elders: The song places grandparents at its emotional center, underscoring the reverence Papuans hold for their elders as keepers of wisdom and tradition.
- Communal Bonds: The act of farewell is not private but communal, with symbolic gestures like waving a handkerchief expressing collective emotion.
- Resilience in Farewell: Singing sorrowful goodbyes through joyful melodies reflects a cultural philosophy of resilience, turning pain into strength.
- Connection to Place: By naming Teluk Doreri, the song roots itself in geography, preserving the memory of locations that shaped Papuan identity.
Modern Interpretations and Continued Relevance
Today, “Apuse” continues to be performed not only in schools but also at cultural festivals, national celebrations, and international showcases of Indonesian heritage.
For younger generations, it is a bridge to their roots. For Indonesians outside Papua, it is an introduction to Papuan language and culture. For global audiences, it stands as a symbol of the universal themes of family, love, and farewell.
Even in the digital age, where music is streamed and shared worldwide, “Apuse” remains relevant. Its story of separation and resilience resonates with migrants, students studying abroad, and families separated by distance.
Conclusion
At its heart, “Apuse” is a song of paradoxes: cheerful yet sad, simple yet profound, local yet universal. Its origins in the Biak community of West Papua anchor it firmly in place, yet its message of love and farewell transcends geography.
The song’s enduring popularity—in schools, stadiums, and cultural events—demonstrates its ability to adapt to new contexts while keeping its essence intact. It reminds us that folk songs are not relics of the past but living narratives that continue to shape identities and emotions.
In the end, “Apuse” is not just about a grandchild leaving for Doreri Bay. It is about the eternal human journey: leaving home, carrying love, and holding onto memories through song.
