for a long time in the Great Hugulama Valley, Jayawijaya, Papua Mountains, Indonesia. This tribe comes from the descendants of Australo Melanosoid ancestors and is racially part of the Melanesian family. This tribe has quite interesting communal intellectual property, both language, culture, customs, characteristics and others, at least having one language, namely the Hugula language. This one language has seven dialects from 23 alliances and confederations in the Hugulama Valley.
The difference in language dialects can be seen from the pronunciation of an object, for example, the name of the Hugula tribe is related to the letters (G, W, B, RL, RDL, BL and PL) in the middle. The Itlawisage, Itlay-Lokowal and surrounding alliance areas call it the Hugula tribe, while the Siep-Asso (including Pasema and Kurima), Asso-Lokowal, Asso-Tapo, Uelesi, Ohena and others call it Huwula, in contrast to what the Wio or Mukoko, Huwikiak, Huwi-Kosi, Inyairek (Pugima), Siepkosi and surrounding alliance areas call it the Hubula tribe. The Logo-Mawel (Yiwika, Watlaku, Wosi and surrounding areas), Alua-Witipo (Musatfak, Elagaima Watikam and surrounding areas) sections call Huwurdla or Huwurla and the Sowa, Tagma and surrounding areas call Hupla or Hubla.
This difference gives a distinctive style to the Hugula tribe, especially in everyday life, especially to call petatas, stones, wood and others between one region and another has a slight difference and when dialoguing can be distinguished from the accent or dialect that shows the origin of the region of a particular alliance or confederation and the way of gardening, making traditional parties, cutting pork, marriage, mourning and others as well, one of the things that can be understood is from the way of gardening and where the way of gardening people in the valley is different from people in the mountainside, hills and mountains.
This difference cannot be generalized in the name of a dominance in everything, in official spaces it is often and indeed easier to use the language dialect of the Wio or Mukomuko alliance, but in certain spaces each alliance maintains its existence.
The ancestors of the Hugula tribe settled in the Hugulama Valley about 6000 years ago and for thousands of years established an ancient civilization here. The past civilization in question relates to the development of systems, viz:
- Grammar,
- Culture,
- Customs and rituals of life,
- Agriculture,
- Animal husbandry,
- Traditional houses, and more.
All of these have been developed by nature over many years.
The formation of identity takes a very long time, therefore an expeditor named Richard Acbold was amazed and amazed on June 23, 1938, after seeing the expanse of gardens, garden irrigation, garden fences and houses from the air he said that the agricultural system, irrigation, livestock and others in this region are among the oldest in the world. and this is supported by the belief of indigenous peoples in the Lapago and Meepago regions who believe that the Hugulama Valley is the center of human civilization. A number of tribes spread across the two customary areas, such as:
- Lani,
- Nduga,
- Damal,
- Migani,
- Amungme,
- Mee.
The Hugula tribe’s settlement area is exclusively from Heraewa to Watikam, but when measured by the extent of customary forests, mountains and the spread of clan clans, the tribe’s territory and sovereignty is even wider, from Kurima to Pyramid and Apisampalek to Hiriakup.
The south is bounded by the tip of the Irimuliak mountain range in the Kurima, Sowa, Tangma and Anuguane (Nduga) regions, separating the Hugula, Yali, Nduga and tribes in the Passma, Sowa and Tagma regions. The northern boundary is driven by the Watlaku or Wadangku mountains adjacent to the Abenaho district, Yalimo Regency and Ilugwa, Central Mamberamo Regency, and the west is crushed by the Watikam mountains and hills in the Pyramid region to the mountains above Elagaima, which are adjacent to Lake Yugunopa (Habema). Then the area adjacent to the Hiriakup mountain range separates the Hugula, Lani and Nduga tribes.
The area in the East pole is behind the customary territory or Itlawisage district, which is adjacent to the Apalapsili district, Yalimo Regency and partly also enters the Yogosem district and Yahukimo district. The Apisampalek to Kuniwa mountains are the dividing line between the Yali-Hugula tribes.